A new infrared free-electron laser FEL facility named FELiChEM has been built at University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei. It is a user facility dedicated for energy chemistry research and can deliver the infrared laser in the spectral range of 2.5-200 μm to five research stations. FELiChEM consists of mid-infrared MIR and far-infrared FIR free-electron laser oscillators driven by a 60 MeV linac. The time structure of the electron beam can be easily tuned with the macrobunch width of less than 10 μs macrobunch repetition rate of 1--10 Hz and optional microbunch repetition rate within 238, 119, 59.5 and 29.75 MHz. A 3D bunch-by-bunch position measurement system was developed to monitor not just the average position of the macrobunch but also every individual bunch position in the train. With this toolkits, a significant beam loading effect can be easily observed downstream of the linear accelerator structure, and a strong dispersion effect is observable downstream of the optical oscillator. This diagnostic tool proves to be very useful for analyzing the status of the machine and implementing corresponding optimization measures. This paper will give a brief introduce of the machine, the hardware and software structure of the 3D position measurement system, and its application in machine commissioning and operation.

The measurement of the longitudinal phase space at the end of FERMI linac is one of the most important characterization of the electron beam properties prior to delivery to the FEL lines. It is performed using an RF-deflecting cavity in conjunction with a dipole to spread the beam in time and energy. The beam transverse distribution is then measure with a multiscreen. The original multiscreen installed in 2009 had a large FOV with a 45deg YAG orientation and 1.5MPx camera. An upgrade has been devised to improve resolution, frame rate and robustness to COTR contamination. The upgrade design is based on a COTR suppressing geometry, a dispersion minimizing incidence angle, a double mirror vacuum optical layout and a Scheimpflug camera geometry. The optical distortion has been characterized by using a precision checkerboard target and automatic Matlab nodes detection. This leads to a transformation matrix that is applied at the image server level to the raw image to remove the trapezoidal distortion. The detector is 8 Mpx 10 Gbit/s CMOS camera fiber coupled to the image sever and capable of full frame 50Hz acquisition.

The Shanghai High repetition rate XFEL and Extreme light facility (SHINE) accelerates electrons to 8GeV with a high repetition rate of up to 1MHz. For the transverse beam profile measurement in the high energy sections wire scanner is used as an essential part of the accelerator diagnostic system, providing the tool to measure small beam size in an almost non-destructive manner. The prototype of the data acquisition and processing platform of wire scanner is designed and installed at the Shanghai soft X-ray Free Electron Laser (SXFEL) for verification. The experimental results show that the platform can be used for the SHINE.

The article describes the BLM system of the Novosibirsk Free Electron (NovoFEL) microtron. Cherenkov radiation detectors are used to monitor beam losses. When beam of electrons hit the wall of the vacuum chamber, they create a shower of secondary electrons that fly out of the chamber and pass through the detector material, creating Cherenkov radiation in the process. The facility uses two types of Cherenkov detectors: optic fibers and quartz rods. Optic fibers are applied for the localization of the source of beam losses due to short duration of Cherenkov flashes. Quartz rods, on the other hand, measure the average beam loss at their location. In both cases, photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are used to detect the Cherenkov radiation, and the voltage from the PMTs is digitized using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and displayed on a computer screen. This allows operators to monitor beam losses and tune the system accordingly. The article provides an overview of the basic principles of the BLS system of NFEL and describes in detail its operation. It also discusses the choice of detectors and the experience gained from applying diagnostics to tune the NovoFEL.

Modern accelerator-based light sources rely on short bunches to generate intense photon pulses. To achieve this, the electron bunches from the accelerator need to be compressed longitudinally in a magnetic chicane. A valuable tool for the measurement of the signal in the bunch compressor is the use of broadband EM-detectors covering a spectral range from few 100 GHz up to THz frequencies. With this setup, bunch length variations caused by instabilities in the acceleration process can be measured that in turn also affects the secondary photon beam. In this paper, we demonstrate the pre-commissioning of broadband, room temperature Schottky THz detectors for the diagnosis of compressed short electron bunches at the TELBE facilities at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany. Qualitative bunch compression measurements have been carried out to diagnose the beam to optimize the machine setup and provide feedback to the beam-line scientists for optimum machine operation. These detectors are scheduled to be commissioned at free-electron facilities in near-future.

The Novosibirsk Free Electron Laser (NovoFEL) facility consists of three free electron lasers (FELs) installed on different tracks of the Energy Recovery Linac (ERL). These FELs share a common acceleration system, which allows for the generation of high average electron currents, typically around 10 mА. This high current facilitates the production of significant average FEL powers, often exceeding 100 watts in the spectral range between THz and mid-infrared wavelengths. Precise measurement of electron beam parameters is crucial for monitoring the performance of the accelerator and fine-tuning its operating modes. The length of the electron bunch is particularly important, as it directly influences the efficiency of laser radiation generation. This study focuses on the dependence of the electron bunch length on the parameters of the radio frequency (RF) and bunching systems for the first and second FELs at NovoFEL. Measurements were conducted using a Cherenkov aerogel radiator in conjunction with a streak camera to accurately determine the electron beam properties. The measurement results, along with a plan for future experiments, are discussed in detail in this publication.