The construction of China Accelerator Facility for Superheavy Elements(CAFe2) is advancing based on Chinese ADS Front-end Demo Linac(CAFe). However, the original Beam Position Monitor(BPM) read-out electronics of CAFe could not meet the requirements of the CAFe2 BPM probes in terms of quantity and the measurement demands of low-intensity heavy ion beams. In response to this challenge, a high-speed RF switch array supporting multi-channel multiplexing, adjustable gain and filtering was developed. This array served as the RF signal conditioning front-end, together with the RF front-end and digital signal processing platform, to constitute a complete BPM read-out electronics. Laboratory testing validated the feasibility of the high-speed RF switch array and the entire read-out electronics. Compared with traditional read-out electronics, the read-out electronics equipped with the high-speed RF switch array enables the measurement of 32 signals from 8 BPM probes. This approach significantly improves the system's integration and reusability, while offers an efficient solution for implementing multi-channel time-division multiplexing measurement under different beam intensities and operating frequencies. Additionally, by simultaneously accessing signals from multiple BPM probes, this system better supports differential measurement. Overall, the high-speed RF switch array not only meets the requirements of CAFe2 but is also applicable for other accelerators with multiple BPM probes.

This paper presents a prototype of BPM electronics for experimental installation of free electron laser and high magnetic field (FEL-HMF). FEL-HMF integrates mid-long Infrared free electron laser, high magnetic field and cryogenic, which is a critical apparatus for new advanced materials especially for low-power electronic materials. The BPM electronics consists of two ADC chips and one FPGA SoC. The ADC has two channels, and sampling rate is 240Msps. The FPGA SoC implements high speed digital signal and data process. The logic part of FPGA SoC is running signal process. The processor part of FPGA SoC runs Linux operating system and EPICS-based user application program. This BPM electrons has been tested and analyzed in lab. Its X and Y position is ~1.4um (RMS).

The Cavity Beam Position Monitor (CBPM) system at Accelerator Test Facil- ity 2 (ATF2, KEK, Japan) operates with attenuation at a reduced 200 nm (vs measured 20-30 nm) resolution to cope with CBPM to magnet misalignment. In addition, CBPMs need regular calibrations to maintain their performance. To address these limitations, a pulse injection system is under development. This system aims to compensate for static offsets by injecting an anti-phase replica of the average beam signal directly into the sensor cavities. The same signal can provide a calibration tone for the whole processing chain and eliminate lengthy beam-based calibrations. Proof of principle tests for such a system have been conducted in December 2023. In this paper, we report on the results of the first beam test, discuss the technical challenges and provide a preliminary hardware specification for future experiments.

Beam position monitor(BPM) is used to measure the horizontal and vertical positions of the beam in the vacuum pip.　Before online installation,　it usually needs to be calibration.　High Intensity Heavy-ion Accelerator Facility(HIAF) and China initiative Accelerator Driven System(CiADS) will need a large number of BPM,　so it is a great challenge for BPM calibration work. In order to complete this work efficiently and accurately,　this research designs and develops an automatic BPM calibration system. The hardware of this BPM calibration system consists of 4 major sections,　they are calibration platform equipment, precise motion control device,　signal processing electronics and industrial computer. The control software was programmed by C to realize automatic calibration functions based on EPICS. A high-order fitting algorithm programmed by python used to solve the problem of smaller linear range of the capacitive BPM. It significantly improves the accuracy of position measurement after calibration.

MYRRHA (Multi-Purpose Hybrid Research Reactor for High-Tech Applications) aims to demonstrate the feasibility of high-level nuclear waste transmutation at industrial scale. MYRRHA Facility aims to accelerate 4 mA proton beam up to 600 MeV. Beam Position monitors are key elements in many accelerators. for instance, once BPMs are installed along a linear accelerator or a storage ring, they remain inaccessible for any validation of updated or rejuvenated electronics. this paper addresses this issue with the realisation of an electronic test bench simulating the outputs signals of BPM electrodes for a given beam energy, phase and position. the bench is realized for MYRRHA BPMs and it offers simulated beams with a position precision down to 50μm and phase precision down to 0.5° on a wide range.

Measuring the absolute position of the beam in the intensifier and storage ring of a high energy photon source (HEPS) requires measuring the offset between the electrical and mechanical centers of the beam position monitor (BPM). In the HEPS project, a four-electrode BPM is used, and the signals from each of the four electrodes of the BPM probe are led out by a cable. During the operation of the intensifier and storage ring, the influence of ambient temperature and humidity on the BPM cable and the difference between the four channels will directly lead to changes in the BPM measurement results. In this paper, vector network analyzer (VNA) is used to test the data of signal amplitude change of two BPM cables within ten hours when temperature and humidity change. The conclusion is that the influence of temperature on the signal is about 0.01 dB/℃, the influence of humidity on the signal is about 0.05 dB/10%, and the relative change between channels is about 5%.

INR RAS linac was developed in late 1970s and build during 1980s. Its timing system is based on the fifty years old technologies and requires full upgrade due to system stability decrease, lack of spare parts, progressing hardware degradation and increase in RF jamming. Moreover, the timing system upgrade should be done without additional accelerator complex shutdowns. In this paper a project of a new timing system that fulfills all requirements is presented. Various features and production peculiarities of the new timing system hardware and software are described. Results of the implementation of new system first parts and its commissioning and plans for future upgrade are discussed.

Huazhong University of Science and Technology is building a cyclotron-based Proton Therapy Facility (HUST-PTF). The facility mainly consists of a 240MeV superconducting cyclotron, a beam transport line, a fixed treatment room and two rotational treatment rooms. HUST-PTF uses three kinds of detectors, Scintillation, Faraday cup and ionization chamber, for the beam param-eter measurements. In terms of structure, the HUST PTF beam diagnostic system is built according to the standard distributed three-layer structure, which is divided into hardware device layer, data processing layer and GUI layer. Different protocols are used to communicate be-tween the three layers, which can improve reliability and expand flexibly in each layer.

The linac of INR RAS is а high-intensity accelerator of protons and H-minus ions, which is used for a complex of neutron sources, isotope production, proton irradiation and investigations in proton flash therapy. A non-destructive beam instrumentation plays a key role in the linac tuning. The general peculiarity of this multi-component system is that all detectors are home-made devices with a wide operation range and can be used at different ion linacs with a minimum adaptation to beam parameters. Beam current transformers for standard and in-air measurements, resonance and capacitive position and phase monitors, BIF-monitor for 1D and beam cross-section monitor for 2D non-destructive profile diagnostics. Different operation features and manufacturing peculiarities are presented in this paper. Results of implementation, operation and continuous upgrade are described. Also easily scalable typical designs of some detectors are discussed.

The SIRIUS Fast Orbit Feedback system was put into routine operation for users in 2022. New system identification experiments were conducted to develop an accurate black box MIMO model of the feedback loop. The high frequency response discrepancies among several fast corrector magnets are captured in this model and allow prediction of closed loop behavior, which is especially important for designing high gain controllers. This paper describes the obtained model, its validity and enabled improvements on the feedback loop performance and robustness.

In the past year, the wire scanner at SXFEL is upgraded to a new firmware. Unlike the previous version, where a target frame is equipped with tungsten wires in three directions, the new system uses horizontal and vertical independent scanning methods. The beam loss detector adopts plastic scintillator fiber, and the PMT module is also designed with a Raspberry PI for dynamic signal conditioning. The detailed design is described in this paper.

To address non-standard Gaussian beam spot pro-files in injectors, this paper proposes a fitting algo-rithm based on Gaussian, the newly introduced Gener-alized Gaussian Type and Skewed Gaussian Type dis-tributions. These distributions are specifically de-signed to better fit non-Gaussian and asymmetric beam spots by automatically selecting the most suitable model. Validation using beam spot images from the YAG screen after the electron gun in the Hefei Light Source II (HLS-II) injector demonstrates that the Gen-eralized Gaussian Type is effective for fitting sharp or broad profiles, while the Skewed Gaussian Type is well-suited for handling asymmetry. Compared to tra-ditional methods, the proposed algorithm improves fitting accuracy and adaptability, providing a practical solution for complex beam measurement challenges.

To serve the needs of the High Luminosity (HL) LHC, a consolidation of the beam wire scanner has been initiated. The instrument is a crucial tool for measuring the transverse beam profile by moving a thin carbon wire across the beam. It can only withstand a fraction of the LHC's nominal beam intensity but provides a reference to calibrate other instruments that operate non-invasively at higher beam intensities. Since the start of the LHC, the scanners have provided hundreds of thousands of measurements, but the design has technical limitations that need to be addressed to provide the required reliability and performance for the HL runs. The initial consolidation phase involved testing the injector's acquisition and control electronics in the LHC to assess its suitability for the specific beam conditions. As part of this process, we updated the mechatronic and motion controller. Beam test campaign has revealed higher performance w.r.t the existing system and a higher adaptability to varying beam conditions. Simultaneously, we are developing a novel actuator that uses a permanent magnets-based coupling replacing the standard bellows and long arm that limits the performance and induces vibrations. Before testing this new concept with beam, we have developed a calibration bench to evaluate the mechanism’s precision and accuracy of the wire position determination. This contribution presents the 2023 beam and laboratory tests as well as the electromechanical developments.

The optical timing system of the FERMI facility underwent a significant upgrade to accommodate requests for additional pulsed links for remote lasers or diagnostic stations. Following the successful completion of compliance tests, the long-term performance of the extended system has been recently evaluated through out-of-loop measurements. In the setup each of the two pulsed subsystems, synchronized to the common optical master oscillator, feeds a stabilized fiber optic link. The relative stability between the outputs has been monitored at a remote location. The results achieved and the challenges encountered during the measurements will be discussed.

SOLARIS, a third-generation synchrotron radiation source in Kraków, Poland, is dedicated to providing high-brilliance X-ray beams for various scientific disciplines. The successful operation of a synchrotron radiation facility heavily relies on precise control of the electron beam orbit within the storage ring. Orbit deviations, even on a small scale, can adversely affect beam quality, leading to decreased performance and efficiency of experimental setups. To mitigate these effects, an Orbit Feedback System is essential, providing correction of orbit deviations. In this study, we present the implementation of an enhanced Orbit Feedback System consisting of fast and slow orbit correction systems as well as RF drift compensation. System consists of feedback algorithms calculating corrective actions of the actuators (fast and slow correction magnets) based on beam position measurements. We also present first measurements and tests for the system showing its capabilities.

The Shenzhen Innovation Light Source Facility (SILF), as a 4th light source, is an accelerator-based multidiscipline user facility planned to be constructed in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. The accelerator complex is composed of a 200 MeV linac, a booster with ramping energy from 0.2 GeV to 3.0 GeV, and a 3.0 GeV storage ring, and two e-beam transport lines for injection and extraction among accelerators. The circumference of the storage ring is 696 m, which includes 28 hybrid seven-bend achromat (H7BA) lattice periodic units to achieve the emittance below 100 pm·rad. SILF needs to control the beam orbit change within 10% of the cluster size within a certain frequency. In order to meet the beam orbit stability requirements, it is necessary to establish a fast orbit feedback (FOFB) system with field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) to reduce feedback latency and increase bandwidth. The FOFB system adopt 28 sub-stations with the same hardware and software function to obtain bias-data from the beam position monitors (BPMs) data using 2.38Gbps in the SFPs and send correct-data to the fast corrector power supplies using a serial point-to-point link around the storage ring, and each substation share BPMs data with daisy-chained using of 10Gbps in the SFPs. This paper introduces the FOFB system design outline and progress. Some technical plans and schedules are also discussed.

The upgrade of the fast orbit feedback (FOFB) system is currently underway at the PF-ring. The new FOFB system consists of MicroTCA-based BPM electronics and a feedback control (FBC) unit. The BPM electronics are prepared with the same number as BPMs and synchronously transmit 10-kHz rate beam position data to the FBC unit via an optical data link. The FBC unit immediately calculates the closed orbit distortion from the received position data and performs an inverse matrix operation to correct it. The results are converted to analog signals by fast D/A converters and set to power supplies of the fast steering magnets. The primary goal of the new FOFB system is to archive a closed-loop bandwidth of 100 Hz, which is about 100 times the current system performance. Details on the new BPM electronics and the new FOFB system using them will be presented as well as some initial results obtained during beam tests.

The main goal of NSRC SOLARIS is to provide the scientific community with high-quality synchrotron light. To achieve this, it is necessary to constantly monitor many subsystems responsible for beam stability and to analyze data about the beam itself from various diagnostic beamlines. This work presents an in-depth analysis of multi-modal, deep learning-based frameworks for fault detection within big research infrastructures, with a specific focus on accelerator facilities. The study explores diverse approaches and architectures for identifying anomalies indicating potential faults in operation. At the present stage, a binary classification is performed: stable beam operation or unstable beam operation / no beam with the accuracy of 90%. The models and the results obtained so far are discussed, along with plans for future development.

SOLARIS, as a big-science facility, is obliged to provide the best possible conditions for conducting research. Due to the complex nature of synchrotron subsystems, we have met our needs and created the most convenient control system possible. The result of our work is a new graphical application for operators offering high level control over the most crucial subsystems of the synchrotron during beam injection and ramping. Moreover operator has now possibility to manage newly implemented mechanism for beam correction at one place. Application was developed in Python based on Tango Controls framework and PyQt library.

The primary function of the HEPS (High Energy Photon Source) collimator is to intercept lost particles induced by the Touschek effect, thus localizing beam loss and reducing it outside the collimator region. It also acts as a dump in emergency situations to meet equipment protection requirements. The collimator control system utilizes EtherCAT bus technology for precise motion control of the scraper. It interfaces with the EPICS system through modbusTCP, enabling remote operation from the HEPS control room. Due to its location in a high-radiation zone, the control system's drive components were selected for their special radiation resistance. On-site testing confirmed stable, precise movement of scraper meeting design requirements, and smooth operation of the remote control system.

A series of upgrades has now begun to industrialize the applications of the experimental IPM electron LINAC. This includes upgrading the control system of the diagnostics tools and adding new tools and equipment to the system as well. The aim is to build an integrated control system to collect and manage all diagnostics signals. This will allow us to continuously monitor and archive all of the beam parameters for LINAC performance analysis and improvement. It is hence decided to migrate from LabVIEW to an EPICS-based control system which has many advantages in this regard. In the meantime, it is also required to employ more modern equipment with better control interfaces and add some extra diagnostics tools to the system as well. So during this upgrade, most of the job would be developing new control interfaces and high-level applications accordingly. In this paper, after a brief summary of the current diagnostics tools and our motivation for this upgrade, the scheme of the new control system and how different parts are integrated to the EPICS framework will be described.

With the development of precise radiotherapy, high-throughput data transmission has become a critical component of beam diagnostics, i.e. for closed orbit feedback in the synchrotron, beam profile images captured with view screens, and medical images generated at the therapy terminal. As the volume of generated measurement data rapidly increase, the data transmission mode that utilizes traditional Ethernet protocol can not meet the transmission performance requirements. To break the bottleneck, this paper designs a prototype data transmission system based on RDMA technology. By directly transferring memory data between hosts, the system bypasses the operating system kernel and CPU intervention, thereby minimizing transmission latency and enhancing data throughput. The system utilizes the RoCE v2 network protocol and is implemented through the libibverbs dynamic link library to establish stable RDMA sessions and develop corresponding network programs. It uses TCP sockets to exchange control information, ensuring that both parties reach a consistent state before data transmission. Performance evaluations indicate that the network transmission scheme proposed in this paper offers lower latency, higher throughput, and reduced CPU usage compared to schemes using the TCP protocol. Additionally, the optimization of resource management strategies such as the use of Multithreaded Development and Shared Receive Queue ensures the efficient and dynamic management of system resources.

Mass spectrometer, as a type of beam instrument, is capable of measuring and analyzing the mass and charge of different molecules and ions in a sample, thus identifying the type of particles. Mass spectrometer database software is an important part of mass spectrometer, which can realize the function of storing, managing, sharing and analyzing mass spectrometer data. Therefore, the establishment and improvement of specialized mass spectrometry databases and library retrieval techniques can facilitate the rapid identification and confirmation of compounds, providing a more efficient and accurate solution for substance detection. In this paper, a comprehensive mass spectrometry database management system is designed and implemented to simplify the user operation process from the collection, storage and management of mass spectrometry data to the querying, matching and analyzing of the data, providing a fast and accurate solution to meet the needs of scientific research on mass spectrometry data. The software uses Python for the implementation of core algorithms, builds a database based on MySQL and collects mass spectrometry data to fill in the database, and finally uses PyQt to design and implement a friendly and beautiful graphical user interface. With this software, unknown compounds in the samples can be identified and their possible structures and properties can be recognized, which provides a strong support for their application fields.

The beam loss measurement system is an important beam measurement device in the CSNS accelerator, used to measure the beam loss signals along the entire accelerator to monitor the beam status. In CSNS, the beam loss measurement system uses NI PXIe-6358 acquisition card combined with self-developed front-end analog electronics. In the RCS of CSNS-II, a new beam loss electronics based on zynq development is planned to replace the existing electronics for beam loss signal acquisition. The CSNS-II ring beam loss measurement electronics based on zynq consists of independently developed high-voltage output modules, front-end analog boards, digital boards, as well as related driver programs, epics ioc software,etc,realizing functions such as signal acquisition, range control, data processing, epics publishing.

The High Intensity Heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF), currently under construction, is a complex machine that couples a Continuous Wave (CW) superconducting ion Linear accelerator (iLinac) with a high-energy synchrotron to produce various stable and radioactive intense beams with high energies. The machine has a versatile operation mode which requires a high flexibility and reliability to the Machine Protection System (MPS). A customized and robust MPS is designed and developed to give the readiness of the machine for operation, to mitigate and analyze faults related to the relative damage potential. To get a high speed and have a high level of reliability, all interlock signal processing is processed on radiation-tolerant Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) with triple or dual redundancy, as well as with a fail-safe design. By implementing a multiprocessing platform system-on-chip FPGA, the HIAF MPS can be tightly integrated with other systems to maximize availability pinpoint failures for operations, and give the postmortem analysis. This paper will describe the architecture of the interlocks linking the protection systems, the strategies to manage the complexity, the detailed components, and the interlock logic of the customized HIAF MPS, as well as the test and verification of the prototype.

The electron current measurement module is a key component of the superconducting cryomodule testing platform. Serving as a vital monitoring signal device within the coupler interlock system, this module monitors the electron cloud of high-energy power couplers and waveguide systems to ensure their effective protections. This article details the design and performance testing of the electron current measurement module, highlighting key technologies including anti-interference, weak cur-rent detection, multi-channel signal acquisition and processing, and weak current calibration. This module boasts a large dynamic range, high precision, and multi-channel weak current detection, featuring 32 detection channels with a detection range of nA~10μA. Its detection accuracy surpasses 1nA, and its response time is under 5ms. Additionally, the module's design took into account the impact of ionizing and electromagnetic radiation on its performance to ensure its reliability and stability.

More than 4000 Beam Loss Monitors (BLM) systems are operating at CERN. About 93% of them are installed in the LHC machine. The Ionisation Chambers (IC) are the part of the system where the lost beam particles ionise nitrogen gas in a chamber with electrodes at high voltage. The resulting current indicates the quantity of the beam loss. In the last 20 years, all BLM ICs were produced in collaboration with external institutes. Control of all details of the materials and processes are required to ensure instrument sensitivity and precision across the large series. CERN took back this production process in 2022 and much of the specific knowledge of design details and production technology was required to be re-engineered. This work presents production specification, design of tooling and test facilities for the first prototypes of a new series to be produced including their test in CERN facilities with beam. The further ramp-up to an industrial process to allow for a production of 1000 units in the years to come is discussed.

Phase stable coaxial cables are widely used for the transmission of reference signals, monitoring signals and control signals in accelerator Low-level RF, beam measurement and control systems, especially for high requirements of time/phase stability. The change in ambient temperature will change the electrical length of the coaxial cables leading to the transmission time and signal phase drift, this effect is termed as temperature coefficient of delay (TCD). The TCD curves at room temperature (15~40°C) of various types of coaxial cables commonly used in particle accelerators and other industries are measured. Some cables are tested for the first time. The cables with lowest coefficients are CommScope LDF2-50A, Zhongtian HCAAYZ-50-12 and Trigiant HCTAYZ-50-22, for different cable diameters. According to attenuation, mechanical and TCD parameters, these three cables are chosen in the HEPS phase reference line system and Linac LLRF system respectively.

The Beam Gas Curtain (BGC) monitor was installed in the beam one of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) during Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) and the Year-End Technical Stop (YETS) 2022. The monitor detects the fluorescence signal generated due to the interaction between the charged particle beams in the LHC and the neon atoms in the supersonic gas curtain. This provides 2D images of the primary beam. In the 2023 run, it was demonstrated that transverse beam profile measurement for both, proton beam and lead ion beams in the LHC is possible across injection, energy ramp-up and top energy operation. The BGC has shown the potential to be an operational instrument and efforts to integrate the monitor into the main machine control system are being undertaken. In this contribution, we will present measurement results and discuss the operational experience including observed gas loads to the LHC, observed impact on beam losses and demonstrated resolution of the monitor. Finally, we will also discuss future plans for the continued optimization of this monitor and the installation of a second monitor into beam two.